James Craven

The “clearly established law” standard serves no meaningful purpose in educating officers about the appropriate use of force.

An attorney recounts how her client, the victim of a shooting, had his smartphone taken while he was unconscious in the hospital. An activist describes how his smartphone “vanished” during the Occupy Wall Street protests. The perpetrator in these cases? The New York City Police Department.

American police are facing a crisis of confidence. A look at practices abroad suggests a forthright solution: ingrain integrity into every investigation.